1. The International date line deviates from 1800 meridian in the North Pacific Ocean due to 1 ...
Geography: Objective Type Questions and Answers
1. The entry port for trade between the Indus trading centres and Mesopotamia was Elam Oman Behrain Afganistan Ans:3 2. ...
History of India: Objective Type Questions and Answers: Part 3
Indira Gandhi Born: November 19, 1917 Died: October 31, 1984 Achievements: Became President of Indian National Congress in 1959; wa...
Personality: Indira Gandhi
Indira Gandhi
Died: October 31, 1984
Achievements: Became President of Indian National Congress in 1959; was Minister of Information and Broadcasting in Lal Bahadur Shastri's government; became Prime Minister in 1966; nationalized major banks in 1969; gave the slogan of Garibi Hatao during 1971 general elections; led India to a decisive war against Pakistan in 1971.
Indira Gandhi, one of the best-known women of the 20th century, was Prime Minister of India, and daughter of former Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru. Also known as Indira Nehru Gandhi, she was born on November 19, 1917 in Allahabad. She was born in a family that was at the centre of Indian freedom movement. Her father Jawaharlal Nehru and grandfather Motilal Nehru were at the forefront of Indian freedom struggle. Her mother Kamla Nehru, although less involved politically, was subject to political arrest by the British. Indira Gandhi had a lonely childhood, with some of her most vivid remembrances being the entry into her home of British policemen. As her parents did not want to send her to any of the British schools in India, Indira Gandhi's education took place at a series of Indian schools and at non-British schools in Europe, with a number of private tutorials interspersed between periods at school.
Indira Gandhi married a Parsi named Feroze Gandhi in 1942. The marriage was opposed by orthodox Hindus because it was an intercommunal love marriage not arranged by her parents. Jawaharlal Nehru too opposed the marriage on grounds that the couple were somewhat incompatible because both possessed fiery tempers. Publicly, however, both Jawaharlal Nehru and Mahatma Gandhi strenuously defended the marriage. Shortly after their marriage both Indira Gandhi and Feroze Gandhi were arrested and jailed for nationalist activities. Indira Gandhi was released after eight months and Feroze Gandhi after an year. After the release Feroze Gandhi became editor of The National Herald, a newspaper founded by Jawaharlal Nehru, and Mrs. Indira Gandhi became the principal confidant and assistant of her father during the period of Nehru's prime ministership (1947-1965). The couple separated for a number of years during the 1950s as Feroze Gandhi launched his own political career in Parliament and was often at odds with Jawaharlal Nehru's policies and style. In 1959 Indira Gandhi became President of the Indian National Congress and in 1964 she was elected to the parliament. Meanwhile, the death of Feroze Gandhi (from a heart attack) in 1960, and the subsequent death of her father in 1964, caused Indira Gandhi to withdraw into a shell and limit herself to her immediate family.
After the death of Jawaharlal Nehru, Lal Bahadur Shastri became Prime Minister and Indira Gandhi was the minister of Information and Broadcasting in his government. After Lal Bahadur Shastri's untimely death in 1966, she was selected as prime minister by party bosses within the Congress Party as a compromise candidate. Her candidature was opposed by Morarji Desai, a veteran nationalist and prime ministerial aspirant himself. The Congress bosses were apparently looking for a leading figure acceptable to the masses, who could not only command general support during the next general election but who would also acquiesce to their guidance. In her initial days as Prime Minister, Indira Gandhi encountered numerous problems such as Mizo tribal uprisings in the northeast; famine, labour unrest,and misery among the poor in the wake of rupee devaluation; and agitation in Punjab for linguistic and religious separatism.
In the fourth general elections held in 1967, Congress suffered a major setback. Congress majority was greatly reduced in parliament and non-Congress ministries were established in Bihar, Kerala, Orissa, Madras, Punjab, and West Bengal. This forced Mrs. Indira Gandhi to become assertive and opt for a series of choices that pitted her directly against the Congress Party high command, which had previously been built up by her father. Seeking to eradicate poverty, Mrs. Gandhi pursued a vigorous policy in 1969 of land reform and placed a ceiling on personal income, private property, and corporate profits. She also nationalized the major banks, a bold step amidst a growing rift between herself and the party elders. The Congress expelled her for "indiscipline" on November 12, 1969, an action that split the party into two factions: the Congress (O)-for Organisation-led by Morarji Desai, and the Congress (I)--for Indira-led by Indira Gandhi.
Indira Gandhi campaigned fiercely on the slogan of "Garibi Hatao" (eliminate poverty) during the fifth general elections in March 1971 and won an unprecedented two-third majority. Her leadership qualities came to the fore during India-Pakistan war in 1971 that resulted in liberation of Bangladesh. India achieved decisive victory over Pakistan in the face of diplomatic opposition from both China and the United States and a lack of international support from almost every other nation except the Soviet Union and the Eastern Bloc countries. Indian victory over Pakistan led to a great surge in Indira Gandhi's popularity and she was compared to Goddess Durga by ordinary Indians.
Expectations raised by the garibi hatao campaign and India's victory over Pakistan in 1971 led to great disappointment and political difficulties in the mid-1970s. Enormous economic cost of 1971 war, increase in world oil prices and, drop in industrial output added to the economic hardships. During this time J.P.Narayan initiated a civil disobedience movement against Indira Gandhi. In June 1975, amidst all this crises Allahabad High Court invalidated her 1971 election on the grounds of electoral malpractices. Instead of resigning, Indira Gandhi declared an Emergency in the country and jailed al her political opponents. The Emergency lasted till March 1977 and in the general election held afterwards she was defeated by a coalition of parties called Janta Morcha.
Factionalism among coalition partners led to the collapse of Janta government and Indira Gandhi came back to the power once again in 1980. But her second innings was beset with difficulties and personal tragedies. Her younger son Sanjay Gandhi died in an air crash. Her government was confronted with serious challenges to its ability to maintain law and order as conflicts between religious and ethnic groups broke out in different parts of the country. After the army had invaded the Golden Temple in Amritsar, the chief shrine of the Sikhs, which had been held as an armed camp by a group of militant Sikhs, she became the target for Sikh anger and on 31 October 1984 she was assassinated by her own Sikh bodyguard.
Shobhana Bhartia Born - 1957 Achievements - Daughter of renowned industrialist KK Birla, Shobhana Bhartia is the vice-chairperson as w...
Personality: Shobhana Bhartia
Shobhana Bhartia
Achievements - Daughter of renowned industrialist KK Birla, Shobhana Bhartia is the vice-chairperson as well as the editorial director of the Hindustan Times group, which is among India's major newspaper and media houses. In the year 2001, she received the Outstanding Business Woman of the Year award.
Born in the year 1957, the daughter of renowned industrialist KK Birla and grand daughter of GD Birla, Shobhana Bhartia is the vice-chairperson as well as the editorial director of the Hindustan Times group, which is among India's major newspaper and media houses. This lady holds the credit of raising Rs 400 Crore via public equity launch of the HT Media group in the year 2005. Till the year 2004, the Birla family owned 75.36 per cent stake in HT Media.
Here's more information about the biography of Shobhana Bhartia, who graduated from the Calcutta University and later, wedded Shyam Sunder Bhartia. This particular gentleman is the chairman of the Rs 14 billion Jubilant Organosys Limited, a Pharma company. Shamit Bhartia, their son, is also a member in the HT Media group. At the same time, he operates lifestyle businesses like Domino's Pizza franchise in the country and a convenience store chain in Bangalore city.
At the time when Shobhana Bharatiya became a member of the Hindustan Times in the year 1986, she was the very first woman chief executive of a national newspaper and in all probability, also among the youngest. Shobhana Bhartia is regarded as one of the crucial people there who played a pivotal role in revamping the image of the Hindustan Times into a "bright and young paper". The life history of Shobhana Bhartia's career is full of achievements.
Shobhana was nominated the member of the upper house of the Indian Parliament i.e. the Rajya Sabha. Shobhana Bhartia was also handed the Global Leader of Tomorrow award by the World Economic Forum in the year 1996. Then again in the year 2001, she received the Outstanding Business Woman of the Year award. The National Press India Award was given to Shobhana in the year 1992.
Naina Lal Kidwai A prominent personality of the corporate world, she is the first woman to guide the functioning of a foreign bank in Ind...
Personality: Naina Lal Kidwai
Naina Lal Kidwai
She was born in the year 1957. Raised in Mumbai and Delhi, she did her schooling from Simla. Alumna of Delhi University, she is the first Indian woman to have graduated from Harvard Business School. She is among the top business women of India, who have made it to the top with their constant hard work and sincerity. To know the complete life history of Naina Lal Kidwai, read on.
She began her career in the year 1982, when she joined the ANZ Grindlays Bank, which is now known as the Standard Chartered Bank. She took up a variety of banking assignments before moving to Morgan Stanley's India operation. She kept climbing the ladders of success. She played an important role in NYSE listing of Wipro. She was instrumental in facilitating the cellular phone services nationwide through a deal involving the Tatas and Birlas. Last November, she became the Managing Director of the HSBC bank.
In the year 2000, the Fortune magazine declared her as the third most powerful businesswoman in Asia. She is the mother of two children, who is maintaining a great balance between work and home. She is very fond of Indian classical as well as western music. She loves to go on trekking tours to the Himalayas. She is a nature lover, who has a keen interest in observing the wildlife. For her praiseworthy work, Naina Lal Kidwai has received many accolades. Her commendable work has been given due recognition by honoring her with the Padmashri award.
Mallika Srinivasan Economic Times Businesswoman of the year 2006, she is a well known entrepreneur of India. She has always strived hard ...
Personality: Mallika Srinivasan
Mallika Srinivasan
Life History
Born on November 19, 1959 as the eldest daughter of industrialist A Sivasailam, she is the pride of her parents. She was always brilliant in academics. She did her in MA (econometrics) from Madras University. Thereafter, she went abroad to pursue further studies. She did her MBA from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. Married to Venu Srinivasan, the CMD of TVS Motor, she is living happily with their two children.
In the year 1986, she planned to join the family business. She was made the General Manager of Tafe (Tractors and Farm Equipment) Company. When she took over the responsibility of furthering the economic wealth and business, the turnover of the Company was Rs 85 cr. Under the expert guidance of her father and the whole hearted support of the team, she brought about a major transformation. She converted Tafe into a hi technology-oriented company, thereby becoming the initial choice of the farmers. There was a period, when the Company had to face a tough time, however; even then, the Company invested a huge amount of over Rs 70 crore in the designing and development of product.
At present, the Company is earning a business over Rs 1,200 cr. It has been a long journey for the Company, which has witnessed many ups and downs. But, it was the strong determination of this courageous woman that slowly and steadily made the firm climb the ladders of success. Today, the Company has not only found a niche for itself as the leading tractor manufacturer, but also expanded its area of operations. It has also entered into others businesses like engineering plastics, panel instruments, automotive batteries gears, hydraulic pumps, and farm implements.
The company has had a long alliance with Massey Ferguson, which is now a part of Agco. The company is looking forward to exporting fully constructed tractors to Agco. Presently, Agro has a stake of 24% in the company and the rest lies with Simpson & Co. Presently, Mallika Srinivasan is serving as the president of premier industrial bodies like Tractor Manufacturers Association and the Madras Management Association. She is the first lady to have assumed the role of a president of the Madras Chamber of Commerce and Industry. She is also a prominent member of the governing board of the Indian School of Business, Hyderabad.
Name this author who was banned by the BBC for nearly three decades because they considered him/her a “second-rater” and dismissed the boo...
Current Affairs : November 2009: 3
- Name this author who was banned by the BBC for nearly three decades because they considered him/her a “second-rater” and dismissed the books as “small beer.”
a. Charles Dickens
b. PG Woodhouse
c. Enid Blyton
d. Agatha Christie
- Name the filmmaker for ‘Ajab Prem Ki Gajab Kahani’, already a box-office hit, starring Ranbir Kapoor and Katrina Kaif.
a. Raj Kumar Santoshi
b. Madhur Bhandarkar
c. David Dhawan
d. Karan Johar
- Recently Somali pirates freed nine Indians and Bangladeshi seafarers who were dropped off in ….
a. Dhaka
b. Muscat
c. Puntland
d. Singapore
- US President Barack Obama has called for an unconditional release of Aung San Suu Kyi. This came forward during his meeting with Mynmar Prime Minister …
a. Hu Jintao
b. Thein Sein
c. Taro Aso
d. Wen Jiabao
- Last week saw several raids in Mumbai in relation to the probe in the David Coleman Headley links with the 26/11 Mumbai terror attacks. Home secretary … has refused clean chit to any one linked with the case.
a. Shiv Shankar Menon
b. Nirupama Rao
c. Shivraj Patil
d. GK Pillai
- Which of these cricket players became the second Indian batsman and fifth in the world to score 11,000 Test runs on the first day of India-Sri Lanka Test in Ahmedabad that began on November 16?
a. Rahul Dravid
b. Sachin Tendulkar
c. Yuvraj Singh
d. MS Dhoni
- Six babies died in a hospital incubator due to the malfunctioning of the machine. The tragedy happened in ….
a. Hyderabad
b. Vishakhapatnam
c. Vijaywada
d. Trivandrum
- Name this popular actor who rejected a golden jubilee tribute to be paid to him at the International Film Festival of India in Goa.
a. Kamal Haasan
b. Amitabh Bachchan
c. Om Puri
d. Naseeruddin Shah
- Which media house, in partnership with Aviva, collected over one lakh books during the “great wall of book” donation drive?
a. ‘Times of India’
b. ‘Hindustan Times’
c. ‘Indian Express’
d. ‘The Hindu’
- Hockey India is supposed to hold elections by … as per the extended deadline by the International Federation.
a. December 2009
b. January 2010
c. February 2010
d. April 2010
- A bill that was to be placed in the winter session of the Parliament witnessed protests from the farmers and opposition parties. Finally the controversial clause was dropped. The bill related to which crop?
a. Wheat
b. Sugarcane
c. Oilseed
d. Rice
- US and China’s stand on climate change for the next month’s Copenhagen conference has revived hopes of many. What are they pitching for?
a. A legally-binding agreement
b. Signing of Kyoto protocol
c. Providing technology free of cost to the developing nations
d. Changing lifestyle in their countries
- Prime Minister of which country showed confidence in safety of Indian nuclear installations and said that it had no reservations in negotiating a civilian nuclear deal with India?
a. New Zealand
b. Australia
c. Russia
d. Canada
- Which Indian armed force has become the first to have inducted women into combat roles?
a. Army
b. Navy
c. Air Force
d. None of the above
- Which University has collaborated with the Kerala Council for Historical Research (KCHR) to explore the Pattanam archaeological site?
a. Oxford
b. Sussex
c. Cambridge
d. Aston
- Name the mouthpiece publication of Shiv Sena called in which Bal Thackarey attacked Sachin Tendulkar for calling himself an Indian before and then a Maharashtrian?
a. ‘Organiser’
b. ‘Kamal Sandesh’
c. ‘Saamna’
d. ‘Panchjanya’
- Son of which filmmaker has been accused of links with 26/11 terror suspect David Headley?
a. Sanjay Leela Bhansali
b. Anurag Kashyap
c. Vishal Bharadwaj
d. Mahesh Bhatt
- On his recent visit to China, US President Barack Obama spoke against ….
a. Censorship
b. Child marriage
c. Two babies norm
d. Cheap products
- Russia has delayed launch of a nuclear reactor in Iran. Which is the place in question in Iran?
a. Yazd
b. Kerman
c. Bushehr
d. Hamadan
- Who is the leader of the Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP)?
a. Sarath Fonseka
b. Ranasinghe Premadasa
c. Ratnasiri Wickremanayake
d. Mahinda Rajapaksa
- “If there’s a Nobel for dirt and filth we will win hands down. No competition on that.” Which political personality made this comment?
a. Rahul Gandhi
b. Salman Khurshid
c. Jairam Ramesh
d. Sheila Dikshit
- This monument bore the maximum brunt of the farmer’s rally on the sugarcane pricing in New Delhi on November 19. Name it.
a. India Gate
b. Jantar Mantar
c. Red Fort
d. Old Fort
- This personality took a jibe at judiciary by claiming there was pocket money at play in judiciary. Name him/her.
a. Dalai Lama
b. Arundhati Roy
c. Aruna Roy
d. NR Narayana Murthy
- According to UNICEF, this country is the worst place to be born.
a. Afghanistan
b. Pakistan
c. Iraq
d. Iran
- Which of the statements is incorrect?
a. US has reopened Watergate probe after 35 years
b. Arnold Schwarzenegger plans to quit politics next year
c. Barack Obama’s daughters are now planning to be hosts of a reality show
d. The popular Oprah Winfrey show is coming to an end
- Herman Van Rompuy, who has been named European Union’s President, is the Prime Minister of ….
a. Czech Republic
b. Belgium
c. Sweden
d. Austria
- This place in England, the birthplace of William Wordsworth, suffered incessant rains and flood around November 20-21.
a. Bradford
b. Sheffield
c. Cockermouth
d. York
- Clerics in this country are claiming that the movie ‘2012’ is “provocation against Islam”. Which country are we talking about?
a. Iran
b. Afghanistan
c. India
d. Indonesia
- IPL will take cricket places, this person feels. Name him.
a. Greg Chappell
b. Ricky Ponting
c. Wasim Akram
d. MS Dhoni
- There was increased tension between Egypt and this country after Egypt lost to it in a play-off match in soccer. Name it.
a. Sudan
b. Kenya
c. Algeria
d. Uganda
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